Second Trimester of Pregnancy: What to Expect (13–27)
Congrats, mama — you’ve made it to the second trimester of pregnancy! 🎉 Often called the “golden period,” this stage (weeks 13 to 27) is when many women finally start to feel like themselves again. The nausea, exhaustion, and endless bathroom trips of the first trimester usually begin to fade, giving you more energy to enjoy your growing bump and connect with the little life inside you.
During this time, your baby is going through incredible changes — developing tiny facial features, stronger bones, and even starting to move. And yes, you’ll likely feel those first magical flutters in the second trimester weeks ahead. But let’s be real: while this stage can feel easier, it still comes with its own second trimester symptoms like backaches, round ligament pain, and emotional ups and downs.
That’s why understanding what to expect — from when the second trimester starts to the signs your pregnancy is going well — can help you feel more prepared and confident. In this guide, we’ll walk through everything you need to know about the second trimester of pregnancy: common symptoms, baby milestones, important tests, danger signs to watch for, and practical tips to stay healthy as you prepare for the journey ahead.
✨ Key Takeaways
What is the Second Trimester of Pregnancy & When Does It Start?
The second trimester of pregnancy marks the middle stage of your journey, lasting from week 13 (sometimes counted as week 14) through week 27. This means the second trimester covers roughly the 4th, 5th, and 6th months of pregnancy.
Many people call it the “golden trimester” because it’s often the most comfortable phase — morning sickness and fatigue usually ease up, your bump starts to show, and you may feel a welcome boost of energy.
But here’s where confusion often arises:
Does the second trimester start at week 13 or week 14?
Technically, most doctors count week 13 as the start of the second trimester, but some sources consider it week 14. Either way, this stage lasts until the end of week 27.
So, what actually happens during the second trimester of pregnancy? A lot! Your uterus continues to expand, supported by the placenta and amniotic sac, while your baby rapidly grows and develops. By around 18–20 weeks, you’ll likely feel your baby’s first tiny kicks (called “quickening”). Internally, your little one is forming stronger bones, developing facial features, and even beginning to hear sounds.
This stage is often described as the sweet spot of pregnancy — a time when you start to “look” pregnant, feel your baby’s movements, and can truly connect with the life growing inside you. But it’s also an important window for prenatal care, as your provider will monitor both you and your baby to ensure everything is progressing well. You can also read about our detailed Guide on
👉 The so-called “golden week of pregnancy” usually refers to the mid-second trimester, when early symptoms fade but before the heavier third-trimester discomforts begin — a moment many moms cherish.
Second Trimester Symptoms (What to Expect)
The second trimester symptoms can feel very different from the first. For many women, this is the stage when morning sickness fades, energy returns, and the pregnancy starts to feel more real. But while the second trimester is often called the easiest part of pregnancy, it still comes with its own set of physical and emotional changes.
Here’s what you can expect during second trimester of pregnancy symptoms (weeks 13–27):
Common Symptoms in the Second Trimester
- Increased energy: Many moms feel more energetic compared to the fatigue of the first trimester.
- Visible baby bump: As your uterus expands, your belly becomes more noticeable.
- Back pain & round ligament pain: The growing belly stretches your ligaments, causing mild cramps or sharp twinges.
- Skin changes: Darkening of the areolas, linea nigra (a dark line on the belly), and stretch marks are common.
- Breast changes: Breasts continue to grow and may feel fuller or heavier.
- Nasal congestion & nosebleeds: Pregnancy hormones increase blood flow, affecting your nasal passages.
- Bleeding gums & dental sensitivity: Hormonal shifts can make your gums more prone to bleeding.
- Vaginal discharge: A thin, white discharge (leukorrhea) is normal in the second trimester.
- Appetite changes: You may notice an increased appetite and occasional food cravings.
- Emotional changes: Mood swings may still happen, but anxiety often eases as the pregnancy progresses.
How should you feel in the second trimester?
The truth is, it varies. Most people feel better in the second trimester compared to the first. Morning sickness and fatigue usually improve, and energy levels increase. Many describe this as the “honeymoon phase” of pregnancy. However, some new symptoms may appear, such as back pain, nasal congestion, or mild swelling, which are considered normal.
Common Discomforts & Challenges in the Second Trimester
While this trimester is often a breeze, a few common discomforts can pop up.
- Heartburn: That fiery feeling in your chest is caused by the hormone progesterone, which relaxes a muscle that’s supposed to keep stomach acid down.
- Constipation: This is also a result of hormones slowing down your digestive system.
- Occasional Anxiety: It’s normal to feel a bit worried about the upcoming birth or life with a new baby. This is a good time to talk to your partner or doctor about your feelings.
Which is a common discomfort of the second trimester?
The most common discomforts include round ligament pain, backaches, constipation, and leg cramps — all related to your growing belly and hormonal changes. It’s also important to be aware that while the risk of complications like miscarriage drops significantly, risks for things like gestational diabetes or preterm labor can arise.
Signs Your Pregnancy is Going Well
One of the most exciting parts of the second trimester is getting clear signs that your baby is doing well.
- Feeling Baby’s Movements: This is a milestone everyone looks forward to. You’ll likely feel your baby’s first movements, called “quickening,” between weeks 18 and 20. It might feel like a fluttering, a twitch, or even little gas bubbles. At first, it can be hard to tell what it is, but soon enough, you’ll recognize it as your baby saying hello!
- Normal Weight Gain: Your doctor will monitor your weight gain at each appointment to ensure it’s on track for a healthy pregnancy.
- Growing Baby Bump: The fact that your belly is getting bigger is a visible sign that your baby is growing just as they should be.
- Hearing the Heartbeat: At your routine checkups, your doctor will likely use a Doppler to let you hear your baby’s strong heartbeat, which is always a moment of reassurance.
Why do I feel so ill in my second trimester?
While many moms feel better, some continue to have nausea, headaches, or fatigue. Feeling unwell in the second trimester may be due to ongoing nausea, hormonal changes, anemia, infections, or conditions like gestational diabetes. Fatigue, headaches, or dizziness can also persist. If illness feels severe or unusual, it’s important to check with your provider to rule out complications.
Baby Development in the Second Trimester (Weeks 13–27)
The second trimester of pregnancy is often called the stage when your baby truly starts to look and act like a tiny newborn. Between weeks 13 and 27, incredible growth takes place — from the development of organs to the first fluttering kicks you’ll feel.
Here’s a look at what happens inside the womb during this exciting stage:
Fetal Growth and Milestones
- Week 13–16 (Month 4):
- Baby’s facial features (eyes, ears, nose) become more defined.
- Tiny fingerprints and toenails begin to form.
- The fetus can start making sucking motions and even swallow amniotic fluid.
- Week 17–20 (Month 5):
- This is often when moms feel the first baby movements — known as quickening.
- Baby’s heartbeat can be heard clearly with a Doppler.
- Vernix (a protective white coating) begins to cover the baby’s skin.
- Week 21–24:
- Baby starts practicing breathing movements, although lungs are not fully developed yet.
- The fetus can respond to sounds — your voice, music, or even a partner’s touch.
- Eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair start growing.
- Week 25–27 (Month 6):
- Baby’s brain is rapidly developing, and sleep-wake cycles begin.
- The nervous system becomes more active, leading to stronger kicks and stretches.
- In the last weeks of the second trimester, baby can even recognize familiar voices.
The Role of the Placenta and Amniotic Sac
- Placenta: Supplies oxygen and nutrients while removing waste.
- Amniotic sac & fluid: Protects your baby, cushions movements, and regulates temperature.
- Umbilical cord: Acts as the lifeline between mother and baby.
- Uterus growth: Expands continuously, making space for your developing baby.
What happens in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy?
Your baby grows rapidly, developing facial features, hair, and fingerprints. You’ll likely feel the first movements around 18–22 weeks, and your baby starts responding to sounds by the end of this trimester. For the mother, the bump becomes more visible, energy improves, and prenatal tests like gestational diabetes screening are done.
Emotional Milestones for Moms
Feeling your baby move for the first time is a magical part of the pregnancy second trimester. Many moms describe it as tiny flutters or bubbles at first, gradually becoming more noticeable kicks and rolls. This connection often makes the pregnancy feel real and exciting.
When do you start feeling baby move?
Most women feel their baby move between 18 and 22 weeks, but some notice it earlier (especially in second pregnancies). If you haven’t felt movement by week 24, your doctor may check with an ultrasound to confirm everything is developing well.
Medical Tests and Checkups in the Second Trimester
Prenatal care in the second trimester of pregnancy is all about monitoring both your health and your baby’s development. Between weeks 13 and 27, several important tests and screenings are usually recommended. These help detect potential complications early, track growth, and give you peace of mind as your pregnancy progresses.
Anatomy Scan Ultrasound
This is probably the most exciting test! Around weeks 18 to 22, you’ll have an in-depth ultrasound that checks your baby’s brain, heart, limbs, and other organs to make sure everything is developing as it should. This is also when you can find out the gender if you want to.
- Timing: Usually performed between 18–22 weeks.
- Purpose:
- Checks baby’s anatomy (brain, heart, spine, kidneys, limbs).
- Confirms the location of the placenta and amount of amniotic fluid.
- Determines baby’s growth patterns.
- Can often reveal the baby’s sex (if parents want to know).
Glucose Screening
Around weeks 24 to 28, your doctor will test you for gestational diabetes. This involves drinking a sugary drink and having your blood sugar levels checked to ensure your body is processing glucose correctly.
- Timing: Between 24–28 weeks.
- Process: You’ll drink a sweet glucose solution, and your blood sugar is tested an hour later.
- Why it matters: Detects gestational diabetes, a condition that can affect baby’s growth and mom’s health if left untreated.
Blood Tests in the Second Trimester
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): Screens for anemia, which is common during pregnancy.
- Rh Factor Testing: Ensures compatibility between your blood type and baby’s.
- Rescreening for Infections: Conditions like syphilis or HIV may be checked again to ensure continued safety.
Genetic & Optional Screenings
- Quad Screen (AFP, hCG, Estriol, Inhibin-A): Helps detect chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome.
- Amniocentesis (optional): May be offered if there are risk factors or abnormal screening results.
- NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing): A blood test that looks at fetal DNA circulating in the mother’s blood.
Why These Tests Matter?
Second-trimester tests aren’t just routine checkups — they play a vital role in ensuring both your health and your baby’s safe development. Screenings like the anatomy ultrasound, gestational diabetes test, and anemia check help doctors track fetal growth, detect potential complications early, and give you peace of mind.
For example, the anatomy scan assesses your baby’s brain, heart, and organs, while blood tests check for conditions that could affect your pregnancy if left untreated. By identifying risks early, your healthcare provider can guide you with the right support, lifestyle changes, or treatments.
These tests are not about finding problems but about keeping you and your baby on the healthiest path possible as you prepare for the exciting weeks ahead.
When should I call my provider during the second trimester?
Call your doctor right away if you experience heavy bleeding, severe cramping, fluid leakage, or sudden swelling — these could signal complications that need immediate attention.
Lifestyle Tips: What to Do & What to Avoid in the Second Trimester
The second trimester of pregnancy is often called the “golden trimester” because many women feel more energetic and comfortable compared to the first. This makes it the perfect time to focus on healthy habits that support both you and your growing baby. Here’s a guide to the do’s and don’ts of the second trimester so you can feel confident and prepared.
What should I not do in the second trimester of pregnancy?
Avoid alcohol, smoking, raw or undercooked foods, hot tubs, high-risk sports, and sleeping on your back. These habits can increase risks for both mother and baby, so it’s best to stick with safe alternatives.
| ✅ What You Should Do in the Second Trimester | ❌ What You Should Avoid in the Second Trimester |
|---|---|
| Eat a Balanced Diet: Include whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. Foods rich in iron, calcium, and folic acid are especially important. | Alcohol & Smoking: Both can increase risks of miscarriage, premature birth, and developmental problems. |
| Continue Prenatal Vitamins: These ensure you and your baby are getting enough essential nutrients like folate, iron, and DHA. | Unpasteurized Dairy & Raw Seafood: These may contain harmful bacteria like Listeria that can cause complications. |
| Stay Active with Safe Exercises: Walking, swimming, yoga, and light strength training are great. Regular activity helps improve circulation, reduce swelling, and ease back pain. | High-Mercury Fish: Avoid shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish. Safer options include salmon and sardines. |
| Go to All Prenatal Visits: Your doctor or midwife will monitor your blood pressure, baby’s heartbeat, and overall growth. Consistent prenatal care is key to a healthy pregnancy. | Hot Tubs & Saunas: High heat can raise your core body temperature, which may be unsafe for the baby. |
| Practice Good Sleep Hygiene: Aim for 7–9 hours of rest. Sleep on your side, preferably your left side, which improves blood flow to the uterus and placenta. | High-Risk Sports & Activities: Skip activities with a risk of falling or abdominal trauma, such as skiing, horseback riding, or contact sports. |
| Invest in Supportive Gear: Treat yourself to a few key items that maximize comfort. A supportive maternity pillow, a few pieces of comfortable clothing that grow with you, and supportive shoes can make a dramatic difference in your daily comfort. | Sleeping Flat on Your Back: As your bump grows, lying on your back can put pressure on major blood vessels. Side sleeping is safer for circulation. |
Preparing for Labor & Delivery During the Second Trimester
The second trimester of pregnancy isn’t just about enjoying extra energy and fewer symptoms — it’s also the best time to start planning for labor and delivery. With weeks 13–27 giving you more clarity and stability, you can prepare mentally, emotionally, and practically for the big day ahead.
Choosing Your Birth Plan
- Decide on a Location: Whether you prefer a hospital birth, a birthing center, or even a home birth, now is the time to research options.
- Discuss with Your Provider: Talk with your obstetrician or midwife about your health, preferences, and any risks that may shape your birth choices.
- Pain Relief Options: Understand what’s available (epidural, IV medications, natural pain management) so you can make informed decisions.
Take Childbirth Education Classes
- What You’ll Learn: Breathing techniques, positions for labor, and how to recognize signs of active labor. This is also the perfect time to get a head start on Newborn baby care fundamentals.
- Why Now: The second trimester is an ideal time to register since classes may fill quickly and prepare you before the third trimester discomfort begins.
- Extra Learning: Consider classes on breastfeeding and newborn care to feel even more confident. If you’re planning to breastfeed, reading up on how to establish a healthy breast milk supply can be incredibly helpful.
Choosing a Pediatrician
- Start Early: Many families begin interviewing pediatricians in the second trimester.
- Things to Ask: Availability, office hours, approach to vaccinations, and experience with newborn care.
- Why It Matters: Having your pediatrician chosen in advance ensures a smooth transition after delivery.
Emotional Preparation
- Managing Anxiety: It’s normal to feel nervous about labor. Meditation, journaling, and open conversations with your partner or provider can help. Our guide to Pregnancy and postpartum wellness has more tips for nurturing your mental health.
- Bonding with Baby: Talk, sing, or read to your bump — around mid-second trimester, your baby can start hearing sounds.
- Support Network: Build your team of support — whether family, friends, or a doula — so you feel emotionally ready.
What do I need to prepare for during the second trimester of pregnancy?
In the second trimester, focus on choosing your birth plan, enrolling in childbirth classes, selecting a pediatrician, and preparing emotionally for labor and parenthood. This groundwork will make the third trimester less stressful and help you feel empowered on delivery day.
FAQs About the Second Trimester
What is the golden week of pregnancy?
The “golden weeks” of pregnancy usually refer to weeks 14 to 20 of the second trimester. During this period, morning sickness typically eases, energy returns, and the baby’s first movements (quickening) may be felt. Many expectant parents find this the most enjoyable stage of pregnancy.
When to worry in the 2nd trimester?
You should call your doctor right away if you notice heavy vaginal bleeding, severe cramping, persistent headaches, sudden swelling of the hands or face, fever over 100.4°F (38°C), painful urination, fluid leakage, or decreased fetal movement later in the trimester. These can be danger signs that need medical attention.
Which is not a symptom in the second trimester?
Severe morning sickness (hyperemesis gravidarum) is less common in the second trimester compared to the first. While mild nausea may linger, intense vomiting or extreme fatigue are not typical and may indicate complications. Always consult a provider if symptoms seem unusual.
What are the symptoms of second trimester loss?
Second trimester pregnancy loss may include heavy vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal cramping, loss of fetal movement, sudden decrease in pregnancy symptoms, or fluid leakage. These signs require immediate medical evaluation. Unfortunately, miscarriages after 13 weeks are less common but more medically complex.
What is a common symptom in the 2nd trimester?
A very common second trimester symptom is feeling the baby move (quickening). Other normal symptoms include back pain, breast enlargement, heartburn, nasal congestion, and mild swelling in the ankles or feet.
When to Call Your Doctor in the Second Trimester
While most symptoms are normal, you know your body best. Don’t hesitate to call your doctor if something feels wrong. Be sure to call immediately if you experience any of these danger signs of pregnancy in the second trimester:
- Heavy vaginal bleeding or spotting.
- Severe abdominal pain or cramping.
- Loss of fetal movement after you’ve already been consistently feeling it.
- Sudden swelling in your hands or face.
- A persistent high fever.
Do I have to eat every 2 hours while pregnant?
You don’t have to eat every 2 hours during pregnancy, but many healthcare providers recommend small, frequent meals or snacks every 2–3 hours. This helps:
- Stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent dizziness or fatigue.
- Manage nausea and morning sickness, especially in early pregnancy.
- Reduce heartburn and bloating by avoiding large, heavy meals.
- Support steady energy for both you and your baby’s growth.
The key is listening to your body’s hunger cues. If eating every 2 hours feels right, choose balanced snacks (fruit, nuts, yogurt, whole grains). If you prefer 3 main meals with light snacks, that works too — as long as your diet is nutritious and consistent.
Conclusion
The second trimester of pregnancy is a special time. It’s when you finally get to enjoy being pregnant, connect with your baby in a new way, and feel a surge of energy to prepare for what’s ahead.
What matters most is listening to your body, attending regular prenatal visits, and reaching out to your healthcare provider with any concerns.
By focusing on healthy lifestyle choices, emotional well-being, and planning ahead for birth, you can make the most of this transformative trimester. Remember, this isn’t just about getting through pregnancy — it’s about building a strong foundation for your baby’s arrival and your journey into motherhood. Before you know it, you’ll be on to the final stretch!
References
- American Academy of Family Physicians. Changes in Your Body During Pregnancy: Second Trimester. Last updated 10/2023. Accessed 9/18/2024.
- American Pregnancy Association. Second Trimester: Fetal Development (https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-health-wellness/second-trimester/). Accessed 9/18/2024.
- National Health Service (UK). Week-by-week guide to pregnancy (https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/pregnancy/week-by-week-guide-to-pregnancy/2nd-trimester/week-13/). Accessed 9/18/2024.
- Office on Women’s Health (U.S.). Stages of pregnancy; second trimester (https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy). Last updated 2/2021. Accessed 9/18/2024.
- The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. How Your Fetus Grows During Pregnancy (https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/how-your-fetus-grows-during-pregnancy). Last updated 1/2024. Accessed 9/18/2024.
- UNICEF. Your second trimester guide (https://www.unicef.org/parenting/pregnancy-milestones/second-trimester). Accessed 9/18/2024.
